Education in the Midst of Indonesia’s Development Agenda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17977/um021v8i12023p55-81Keywords:
Critical Discourse Analysis, Knowledge-Based Economy, Development, EducationAbstract
President Jokowi made a shocking decision in his second term by pointing to Nadiem Makarim
as Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. Not long after his appointment,
Nadiem Makarim released Merdeka Belajar and Peta Jalan Pendidikan Indonesia 2020-2035,
which is significant to Indonesia’s education context. Those two stipulations alone indicate
exponential change within education governance in Indonesia. Various notable scholars later
argue that Nadiem Makarim’s policy is intriguing and essential, emphasizing their support for
Merdeka Belajar and Peta Jalan Pendidikan Indonesia 2020-2035. A glance at scientific articles
published right after enacting these two policies shows that many, if not most, researchers
agree thoroughly with Nadiem Makarim. In contrast with the previous undertaking, this study
uses critical explanations to expose and unearth the interest lurking beneath the so-called
neutral policy agenda. To support the aim of this research, a critical policy study paradigm will
be used along with the critical discourse analysis of Norman Fairclough. There are two
significant findings from an in-depth search of the study of the text production process, text
analysis, and interpretation of discourse and social practices of education policy during the
Jokowi era. First, in the eye of Jokowi’s administration, education is part of the development
business. Education, in short, is seen as a proper tool (a) to adapt to the current condition of the
knowledge-based economy and to cultivate human resources and (b) to build a young
generation (Profil Pelajar Pancasila) who can thrive in the changing world without losing its grip
on Pancasila as the main symbol of Indonesia. Second, Jokowi’s education discourses and
social practices are spurred by the urgent need to reskill, upskill, and enhance the employability
of both workers and future workers. These two propositions are corroborated by the production
of texts that are thick with institutional interests in the form of increasing human capital for
Indonesia's Vision 2045, text analysis that shows the dominance of representation of human
resource development interests in various policy documents in Indonesia, and interpretation of
discourse that hints at the existence of link and match hegemony in human resource
development projects as well as efforts to align cognitive and ethical aspects through the P5
program
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